Modified Help Menu by Biggles begins here.

"Provides a HELP command which brings up a menu giving standard instructions about IF. Originally created by Emily Short and modified by Biggles."

Use authorial modesty.

Include Menus by Emily Short.

Table of Basic Help Options
title	subtable	description	toggle
"Introduction to [story title]"	a table-name	"This is a simple demonstration [story genre] game."	a rule
"Instructions for Play"	Table of Instruction Options	--	--
"Settings"			Table of Setting Options	--	--
"Contacting the Author"	--	""	--
"Hints"	Table of Stuckness Advice	--	--


Table of Instruction Options
title	subtable	description	toggle
"About Interactive Fiction"	a table-name	"The game you are playing is a work of Interactive Fiction, also known as a Text Adventure.  In interactive fiction you play the main character of a story.  You type commands which determine the actions of the character and the flow of the plot.  Some IF games include graphics, but most do not: the imagery is provided courtesy of your imagination.  On the other hand, there's a wide range of action available: whereas in other games you may be restricted to shooting, movement, or searching items you can click on with a mouse, IF allows you a wide range of verbs."	a rule
"What to do with the '[command prompt]'"	a table-name	"The '[command prompt]' sign is where the game says, 'Okay, what do you want to do now?'  You may respond by typing an instruction -- usually an imperative verb, possibly followed by prepositions and objects.  So, for instance, LOOK, LOOK AT FISH, TAKE FISH."	a rule
"Getting Started"	--	"The first thing you want to do when starting a game is acquaint yourself with your surroundings and get a sense of your goal. To this end, you should read the introductory text carefully. Sometimes it contains clues. You will also want to look at the room you are in. Notice where the exits from the room are, and what objects are described here. If any of these seem interesting, you may want to EXAMINE (abbreviated X) them. [paragraph break]You might also want to examine yourself (EXAMINE ME or X ME) to see whether the author has left you any clues about your character. TAKE INVENTORY (abbreviated I) will tell you what you're carrying, as well.[paragraph break]Once you've gotten your bearings, you may want to explore. Move from room to room, and check out every location available."	--
"Rooms and Travel"	--	"At any given time, you are in a specific location, or room. When you go into a room, the game will print a description of what you can see there. This description will contain two vital kinds of information: things in the room you can interact with or take, and a list of exits, or ways out. If you want to see the description again, you may just type LOOK (abbreviated l). [paragraph break]When you want to leave a location and go to another one, you may communicate this to the game using compass directions: eg, GO NORTH. For simplicity's sake, you are allowed to omit the word GO, and to abbreviate the compass directions. So you may use NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST, NORTHEAST, SOUTHEAST, NORTHWEST, SOUTHWEST, UP, and DOWN, or in short form N, S, E, W, NE, SE, NW, SW, U, and D.[paragraph break]In some locations, IN and OUT will also be useful."	--
"Objects"	--	"Throughout the game there will be assorted objects that you can do things with. Most importantly, you may TAKE or GET items, and (when you are tired of them) DROP them again. INVENTORY (abbreviated I) will list the items you are currently holding. [paragraph break]There are usually assorted things you may do with these objects. OPEN, CLOSE, WEAR, EAT, LOCK, and UNLOCK are especially common. [paragraph break]Here are some examples:[paragraph break]TAKE BANANA[line break]DROP THIMBLE[line break]WEAR THE WHITE GOWN[line break]LIGHT LONG-STEMMED CANDLE[line break]EXAMINE DECK OF CARDS[paragraph break]You might find that the game does not recognize the name of an object even though it has been described as being in the room with you. If this is the case, the object is just there for scenery, and you may assume that you do not need to interact with it."	--
"Prepositions"	--	"Once you have a handle on manipulating objects with single verbs, you may want to add some prepositions to the mix:[paragraph break]KNOCK ON THE WHITE DOOR[line break]SIT ON THE UNSTEADY CHAIR[line break]GET IN THE AMBULANCE[line break]TAKE OFF THE HELMET[line break]JUMP OFF THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE"	--
"Indirect Objects"	--	"Now that you have a grip on prepositions, you can add a second noun, called the indirect object, to your sentence phrases:[paragraph break]POUR BUCKET OF WATER ON GLOWING EMBERS[line break]PUT SALT SHAKER ON THE STOVE[line break]TIE SHOE STRING TO TABLE LEG[line break]HIT NAIL WITH HAMMER[line break]PUSH GARBAGE CAN UNDER WINDOW"	--
"Interacting With Other Characters"	--	"You may encounter many different characters in this game, some who may have a lot to say, others who may be very quiet. You can greet other characters by saying hello to them. You should also ASK ABOUT their names and about themselves. You may even TELL them about things. Other common means of ineracting with characters is to SHOW, GIVE, or ask them for objects. Here's a list of sample commands:[paragraph break]SAY HELLO TO SPOT[line break]ASK STRANGER ABOUT NAME[line break]ASK TROLL ABOUT ITSELF[line break]ASK BUTLER ABOUT JOB[line break]ASK MAGIC MIRROR ABOUT ME[line break]TELL JULIET ABOUT ROMEO[line break]SHOW MANDOLIN TO THE CHEERY BARD[line break]GIVE APPLE TO ADAM[line break]ASK THOR FOR HAMMER"	--
"Commanding Other Characters"	--	"Some characters may allow you to command them to perform actions. To do so, preface a sentence phrase with the name of the character, followed by a comma:[paragraph break]BARKEEP, GIVE ME A DRINK[line break]ROBIN, FOLLOW ME[line break]HUNGRY DOG, STOP FOLLOWING ME[line break]YOUNG MAN, GO WEST[line break]JEEVES, OPEN DOOR[line break]FRED, PUT DINNER PLATES ON THE DINING TABLE[line break]PHOTOGRAPHER, TAKE PICTURE OF ME"	--
"Controlling the Game"	--	"There are a few simple commands for controlling the game itself. These are: [paragraph break]SAVE saves a snapshot of the game as it is now. [line break]RESTORE puts the game back to a previous saved state. You may keep as many saved games as you like. [line break]RESTART puts the game back to the way it was at the beginning. [line break]QUIT ends the game."	--
"How the World is Assembled"	Table of IF Elements	--	--

Table of Stuckness Advice
title	subtable	description	toggle
"Explore"	--	"Examine every object and look at everything in your inventory. Open all the doors you can find, and go through them. Look inside all closed containers. Make sure you've exhausted all the options in your environment. [paragraph break]Try out all your senses. If the game mentions texture, odor, or sound, try touching, smelling, listening to, or tasting objects.[paragraph break]Be thorough. If you still can't figure out what to do, try opening windows, looking under beds, etc. Sometimes objects are well-hidden."
"Read carefully"	--	"Reread. Look back at things you've already looked at. Sometimes this will trigger an idea you hadn't thought of. [paragraph break]Take hints from the prose of the game. Things that are described in great detail are probably more important than things that are given one-liners. Play with those objects. If a machine is described as having component parts, look at the parts, and try manipulating them.  Likewise, notice the verbs that the game itself uses. Try using those yourself. Games often include special verbs -- the names of magic spells, or other special commands. There's no harm in attempting something if the game mentions it.[paragraph break]Check the whole screen. Are there extra windows besides the main window?  What's going on in those?  Check out the status bar, if there is one -- it may contain the name of the room you're in, your score, the time of day, your character's state of health, or some other important information.  If there's something up there, it's worth paying attention to that, too.  When and where does it change?  Why is it significant?  If the bar is describing your character's health, you can bet there is probably a point at which that will be important."
"Be creative"	--	"Rephrase. If there's something you want to do, but the game doesn't seem to understand you, try alternative wordings. [paragraph break]Try variations. Sometimes an action doesn't work, but does produce some kind of unusual result. These are often indications that you're on the right track, even if you haven't figured out quite the right approach yet. Pressing the red button alone may only cause a grinding noise from inside the wall, so perhaps pressing the blue and then the red will open the secret door.[paragraph break]Consider the genre of the game. Mysteries, romances, and thrillers all have their own types of action and motivation. What are you trying to do, and how do conventional characters go about doing that? What's the right sort of behavior for a detective/romance heroine/spy?"
"Cooperate"	--	"Play with someone else. Two heads are often better than one. If that doesn't work, try emailing the author or (better yet) posting a request for hints on the newsgroup rec.games.int-fiction.  For best results, put the name of the game you want help with in the subject line; then leave a page or so of blank spoiler space (so that no one will read about where you got to in the game unless they've already played it), and describe your problem as clearly as possible.  Someone will probably be able to tell you how to get around it."	--

Table of IF Elements
title	subtable	description	toggle
"Space"	--	"Most IF games are set in a world made up of rooms without internal division. Movement between rooms is possible; movement within a room does not always amount to anything. >WALK OVER TO THE DESK is rarely a useful sort of command. On the other hand, if something is described as being high or out of reach, it is sometimes relevant to stand on an object to increase your height. This kind of activity tends to be important only if prompted by the game text."	--
"Containment"	--	"One thing that IF does tend to model thoroughly is containment. Is something in or on something else? The game keeps track of this, and many puzzles have to do with where things are -- in the player's possession, lying on the floor of the room, on a table, in a box, etc."	--
"Types of Action"	--	"Most of the actions you can perform in the world of IF are brief and specific. >WALK WEST or >OPEN DOOR are likely to be provided. >TAKE A JOURNEY or >BUILD A TABLE are not. Things like >GO TO THE HOTEL are on the borderline: some games allow them, but most do not. In general, abstract, multi-stage behavior usually has to be broken down in order for the game to understand it. "	--
"Other Characters"	--	"Other characters in IF games are sometimes rather limited. On the other hand, there are also games in which character interaction is the main point of the game. You should be able to get a feel early on for the characters -- if they seem to respond to a lot of questions, remember what they're told, move around on their own, etc., then they may be fairly important. If they have a lot of stock responses and don't seem to have been the game designer's main concern, then they are most likely present either as local color or to provide the solution to a specific puzzle or set of puzzles. Characters in very puzzle-oriented games often have to be bribed, threatened, or cajoled into doing something that the player cannot do -- giving up a piece of information or an object, reaching something high, allowing the player into a restricted area, and so on."	--

Table of Setting Options
title	subtable	description	toggle
"[if the current verbosity mode is verbose]Verbose room descriptions[end if][if the current verbosity mode is brief]Brief room descriptions[end if][if the current verbosity mode is superbrief]Superbrief room descriptions[end if]"	--	--	switch description types rule
"[if notify mode is on]Score notification on[otherwise]Score notification off[end if]"	--	--	switch notification status rule

To decide whether notify mode is on:
	(- notify_mode -);

This is the switch notification status rule:
	if notify mode is on, try switching score notification off;
	otherwise try switching score notification on.

This is the switch description types rule:
	if the current verbosity mode is verbose
	begin;
		try preferring sometimes abbreviated room descriptions;
		rule succeeds;
	end if;
	if the current verbosity mode is brief
	begin;
		try preferring abbreviated room descriptions;
		rule succeeds;
	end if;
	if the current verbosity mode is superbrief
	begin;
		try preferring unabbreviated room descriptions;
		rule succeeds;
	end if.

Verbosity is a kind of value. The verbosities are brief, verbose, and superbrief.

To decide what verbosity is the current verbosity mode:
	let n be the current lookmode number;
	if n is 1, decide on brief;
	if n is 2, decide on verbose;
	if n is 3, decide on superbrief.
	
To decide what number is the current lookmode number:
	(- lookmode -);

Understand "help" or "hint" or "hints" or "about" or "info" as asking for help.
Asking for help is an action out of world.
Carry out asking for help (this is the help request rule):
   change the current menu to the Table of Basic Help Options;
   carry out the displaying activity;
   clear the screen;
   try looking.

Modified Help Menu ends here.

---- DOCUMENTATION ----

The Basic Help Menu provides a command HELP (with synonyms HINT, HINTS, ABOUT, and INFO) which will bring up a help menu. The menu includes some introductory instructions about playing interactive fiction, setting controls to manage verbosity and score notification, and a stub introduction.

For any given game, we are likely to want to modify the menu content. The extension defines a Table of Basic Help Options; Table of Instruction Options (which contains the help text); and Table of Setting Options (which lets the player turn score notification and verbosity on and off, but which is not included in the menu by default). We could change any of these by, for instance, selecting and modifying a line when play begins:

	When play begins:
		choose row 1 in Table of Basic Help Options;
		change description entry to "This is a game about my grandmother's adventures during World War II..." 

We could also add elements to a table by including a continuation in our own game file, so:

	Table of Basic Help Options (continued)
	title	description
	"Contacting the author"	"If you have any difficulties with [story title], please contact me at..."

These additional lines would then be appended to the relevant menu.

We could also replace the Table of Basic Help Options with something else of our own choosing.

	The help request rule is not listed in any rulebook.

	Carry out asking for help:
		change the current menu to Table of Joe's Special Help;
		carry out the displaying activity;
		clear the screen;
		try looking;
		stop the action.

...which would not preclude our using the sub-tables defined in this extension elsewhere:

	Table of Joe's Special Help
	title	subtable	description	toggle
	"Instructions"	Table of Instruction Options	--	--
	
Example: * Basics - A very small game mostly consisting of help.

	*: "Basics"

	The Room of Bewilderment is a room. In the Room of Bewilderment is a panel of 57 brass buttons, a trap door, a lever marked DO NOT PULL, a brightly-gleaming sawblade, and a sheet of instructions in Mandarin.
	
	When play begins: say "You step into the Room of Bewilderment with the words of the host ringing in your ears: you can always ask for HELP."
	
	Include Basic Help Menu by Emily Short. 

	Table of Basic Help Options (continued)
	title	subtable	description
	"Contacting the author"	--	"If you have any difficulties with [story title], please contact me at..."
	"Hints"	Table of Hints	--
	"Settings"	Table of Setting Options	--

	Table of Hints
	title	subtable	description	toggle
	"What do I do with the string?"	Table of String Hints		""	hint toggle rule 

	Table of String Hints
	hint	used
	"Remember that you know how to macrame."	a number	
	"Oh, come now, isn't it obvious?"

